雅思必备过渡词：提高口语流利度与连贯性

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   雅思口语有四个评分标准： Fluency &Coherence(流利度与连贯性)， Grammatical Range & Accuracy(语法广度及准确度)， Lexical Resources (词汇范围和准确度) 和Pronunciation(发音)。根据笔者观察，学生们往往对如何提升流利度与连贯性不知所措，即便在家里把准备好的材料背的滚瓜烂熟，到了考场也常由于紧张或者有明显背诵的痕迹，取得一个非常糟糕的分数。虽然在一个较短的时间内大幅提升自己语言的连贯与流利不是件容易的事，但我们却可以通过口语中的一些过渡词，帮助自己消除紧张情绪。更重要的是，善于运用口语中的过渡词，可以大大消除背诵痕迹，让自己的语言变得更加自然，更具有逻辑性。在雅思口语中，有15种过渡词使用的频率极高，可以帮助大家迅速提升口语交流的流利度与连贯性。

　　1. Addition(递进)

　　moreover, what is more, furthermore, , let alone, additionally, not to mention (this)， besides (this) , in addition (to this)

　　真题链接：

　　Q: Do you often use the dictionary?

　　A: I often refer to a dictionary for some new words. Additionally, browsing the dictionary can also enlarge my vocabulary and knowledge。

　　2. Reference(引用)

　　considering (this)， regarding (this)， as for (this)， concerning (this)， on the subject of (this)

　　真题链接：

　　Q: Is time important?

　　A: Well, speaking about the importance of time, there are a lot of old sayings, like ‘Time waits for no man.’; ‘Time never comes back when it is gone.’

　　3. Example (举例)

　　such as, particularly, especially, for example, like, in particular, for one thing, notably

　　真题链接：

　　Q: Are there any colours that have a special meaning in your country?

　　A: Yea, different colours stands for different meanings. For example, the white colour represents purity and dignity, and the red colour is for joy and celebration。

　　真题链接：

　　A: What kinds of museum do you like?

　　Q: Well, I am really fond of some new museums with different movies, particularly, the 3D and 4D movies which give me a vivid picture of history and art。

　　4. Similarity(相似)

　　similarly, in the same way, equally, likewise, as well as

　　真题链接：

　　Q: Do you think advertisement can help products to be sold?

　　A: Advertisements can help people to have a better understanding about products, in the same way, advertisements usually tell people the unique functions of the products。

　　5. Clarification(澄清)

　　that is (to say)， I mean, (to) put (it) another way, in other words, namely, specifically

　　真题链接：

　　Q: What housework do you least like doing?

　　A: Washing dishes has always been a pet hate (特别讨厌的东西) of mine. Specifically, I feel disgusted when I put my hands in the dirty water or wipe all the food off the dishes。

　　6. Conflict(转折)

　　but, while, on the other hand, however, whereas, in contrast, conversely, still, instead

　　真题链接：

　　A: Do Chinese people love birds? Why?

　　Q: I suppose so, especially elderly people. They love to walk with their birds in the parks or gardens in the morning; on the other hand, I don’t think young guys really get a kick out of birds。

　　7. Emphasis(强调)

　　even more, above all, indeed, more importantly, besides

　　真题链接：

　　A: Do you love studying English? Explain why。

　　Q: As an universal language, English enables me to travel around a lot of countries in the world. More importantly, I make a lot of foreign friends and become more confident than ever。

　　8. Concession(让步)

　　but even so, even though, though, although, despite (this)， in spite of (this)， regardless (of this)，

　　真题链接：

　　Q: Do you think landlines would be replaced by cell phones one day?

　　A: Well, cell phones have received a huge popularity among young people, but even so, landlines still have its irreplaceable strong points. Landlines have no radiation and are much cheaper than cell phones。

　　9. Cause/Reason(原因)

　　since, as, in that, for the (simple) reason that, because (of the fact)， seeing that, owing to (the fact)，

　　due to (the fact that)

　　真题链接：

　　Q: Do you like traveling by train?

　　A: Yes, I like traveling by train due to the fact that it’s very convenient and fast. Moreover, I find taking trains are much safer than taking buses。

　　10. Effect/Result(影响或结果)

　　consequently, hence, thus, because (of this)， as a result (of this)， for this reason, so that, accordingly, as a consequence, so, therefore

　　真题链接：

　　Q：How to protect the wild animals?

　　A: I believe the most efficient way is to enact laws that will make the hunting of wild animals illegal; therefore, the equilibrium of ecosystem can be maintained。

　　11. Condition(条件)

　　if, provided that, in the event that (万一)， as/so long as, unless, given that, providing that, even if, on (the) condition (that)

　　真题链接：

　　Q: Have you ever participated in a cultural event?

　　A: Yes, of course. It’s one of my favorite cultural events around the year. In the past, I would go to such event if I didn’t have busy academic tasks。

　　12. Purpose(目的)

　　for the purpose of, in the hope that, for fear that, so that, in order to, lest, in order that, so as to

　　真题链接：

　　Q: How to protect the wild animals?

　　A: I believe the most efficient way is to enact laws that will make the hunting of wild animals illegal, so that the equilibrium of ecosystem can be maintained。

　　13. Numerical(顺序性)

　　initially, to start with, first of all, to begin with, at first, for a start, secondly, thirdly

　　真题链接：

　　Q: Do you like living there?

　　A: Of course. It’s a great place to live in. First of all, my flat is spacious and bright, with beautiful pictures and painting on the wall. In addition, the neighborhood is……。.

　　14. Continuation(延续性)

　　subsequently, previously, eventually, next, before (this)， afterwards, after (this)， then

　　真题链接：

　　Q: How did you learn how to use the Internet?

    A: Friends kept telling me about different websites to check out, after this I tried them one by one and discovered that the web has unlimited uses. Eventually, I found I was using the Internet almost every day on my own。

　　15. Conclusion(总结)

　　lastly, finally, to conclude (with)， as a final point, in the end

　　真题链接：

　　Q: How exactly will you benefit from this experience?

　　A: Well, firstly I will meet new people and learn about their daily lives and learn to speak different languages. In addition to this, I will travel a lot of historical sites. At last, studying overseas is an amazing experience from a cultural point of view。

　　这15种过渡词，如果使用得当，相信会使你与雅思考官的交流更加自然，流畅，但也要提醒同学们不要滥用或者错用这些过渡词，比如表达原因时用了结果过渡词，或者表达让步时用了转折过渡词，会使自己的语言显得无序，没有任何说服力，起到事倍功半的效果。

（文章采编自网络）